Breakfast cereals and other grain-based foods across Europe contain high levels of a harmful “forever chemical” linked to reproductive and immune health risks, according to a new study by Pesticide Action Network Europe (PAN). Researchers found that concentrations of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) — a breakdown product of pesticides containing PFAS chemicals — were on average 100 times higher than levels found in tap water.
The study analysed 65 cereal products purchased in 16 European countries, making it the first EU-wide investigation of TFA in food. The chemical was detected in 81.5% of samples, with wheat-based products being the most contaminated. Irish breakfast cereal recorded the highest levels, followed by Belgian and German wholemeal bread, then French baguette. Contamination was also found in pasta, croissants, flour, sweets and even cheese scones.
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are synthetic chemicals used widely in manufacturing since the 1950s. Nicknamed “forever chemicals,” they degrade extremely slowly, meaning they can persist in water and soil for centuries. Once absorbed by plants, they enter the food chain. Their health impacts are increasingly concerning: TFA is considered reprotoxic, linked to harm in fertility, fetal development and thyroid, liver and immune function.
Campaigners say current regulations are inadequate. Governments do not monitor TFA in food, and PAN Europe is urging the EU to ban PFAS pesticides and set stricter safety limits. “We cannot expose children to reprotoxic chemicals,” said Angeliki Lysimachou, PAN’s head of science and policy. “This demands immediate action.”
Although the UK was not included, the findings are relevant — 27 PFAS-based pesticide ingredients are currently approved for use in the UK, six of which are classed as highly hazardous.
Researchers warn that without restrictions, contamination will only worsen, as PFAS accumulate in soil, water and food supplies over time.
